A2A – Google’s First Open-Source Standard Agent Interaction Protocol

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What is A2A?

A2A (Agent2Agent Protocol) is the first standardized agent interaction protocol open-sourced by Google, enabling AI agents built on different frameworks and by different vendors to collaborate with each other. Based on a standardized communication method, A2A breaks down system silos, allowing agents to securely exchange information and coordinate actions. A2A supports multiple modalities (such as text, audio, and video), long-running task processing, and real-time feedback. It is built on existing standards (such as HTTP and JSON-RPC), making it easy to integrate with existing IT systems. Over 50 enterprises have joined as founding members, including Atlassian, Box, MongoDB, and others.A2A – Google's First Open-Source Standard Agent Interaction Protocol

The main functions of A2A

  • Facilitating Agent Collaboration: A2A enables seamless collaboration among AI agents built on different frameworks and from various vendors.
  • Multi-modal Support: A2A supports multiple interaction modalities such as text, audio, and video to meet diverse scenario requirements.
  • Task Management and Status Updates: A2A defines a “task” object with a lifecycle (e.g., submitted, in progress, requires input, completed, failed, canceled). For long-running tasks, such as complex data analysis or extended file processing, A2A provides real-time feedback on task progress and status updates to users.
  • User Experience Negotiation: A2A supports negotiation of user experience among agents, adjusting interaction methods based on user devices and preferences.
  • Security and Authentication: A2A supports enterprise-level authentication and authorization to ensure secure and compliant data exchanges.

The technical principle of A2A

  • Agent Card: The “business card” of an intelligent agent. It stores the capabilities, skills, endpoint URLs, and authentication requirements of the intelligent agent in JSON format. The client accesses /.well-known/agent.json to obtain the Agent Card, discover and select appropriate intelligent agents for collaboration.
  • A2A Server and A2A Client: The A2A Server is an HTTP endpoint that implements the A2A protocol methods, responsible for receiving requests and managing task execution; the A2A Client is a client that sends requests (such as tasks/send) or another intelligent agent. The two communicate based on the HTTP protocol.
  • Tasks and Messages: A task is the core working unit of A2A. The client sends a message (containing the task description) to initiate a task. A message consists of multiple “parts,” including text, files, or structured data. A task goes through different states during execution, and the states are fed back to the client based on the form of the message.
  • Streaming and Push Notifications: For long-running tasks, A2A supports streaming (Server-Sent Events, SSE), allowing clients to receive task progress updates in real time. A2A also supports push notifications, where the server actively sends task updates based on the Webhook URL provided by the client.
  • Based on existing standards: The A2A protocol is built upon existing popular standards (such as HTTP, SSE, JSON-RPC), supporting integration into existing IT architectures and lowering the threshold for enterprise adoption.

The project address of A2A

Application scenarios of A2A

  • Enterprise process automation: Connect the systems of different departments to automatically complete tasks such as order processing and inventory management.
  • Cross-platform customer service: Integrate intelligent customer service across multiple platforms to provide more comprehensive and timely customer support.
  • Recruitment process optimization: Collaborate with multiple recruitment platforms and internal systems to quickly screen candidates and arrange interviews.
  • Supply chain collaboration: Share real-time information across all supply chain segments to optimize inventory and logistics.
  • Intelligent office: Integrate intelligent agents in office tools to automatically arrange meetings and send task reminders, enhancing collaboration efficiency.
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